New Tree Care

Trees properly planted and maintained will outlive us all, bringing years of enjoyment and usefulness. Planted or maintained poorly they may not last longer than the petunias. The success of newly planted trees is dependent on proper tree planting and proper follow-up care that promotes a vigorous root system. Following a few simple steps, home gardeners can create an environment that will ensure a healthy, long-lived tree.

Watering

Proper watering is the single most important aspect of tree maintenance. Newly planted trees have a reduced root system in a small soil volume that will dry out quickly. Specific advice for watering is difficult to give because of the variability of planting sites and soil types, but a general rule of thumb is to keep the top 8 to 12 inches of the soil rootball evenly moist. In most environments, the equivalent of about one inch of rainfall every 7 to 10 days is sufficient. Watering beyond this will do more harm than good. Periodically check the soil by gently digging a few inches deep. Water only when the soil appears dry. Overwatering is a common mistake made by home gardeners who may "love" their tree to death.

Remove the Grass

The removal of turf from an area (the larger the better) around trees is recommended. Grass is a serious competitor for water and nutrients. Some grasses, including Kentucky bluegrass, red fescue, and perennial ryegrass actually produce chemicals that suppress the growth of young trees. In addition, mowing and weed trimming around the trunk causes damage which can lead to the decline or death of the tree. Removal of grass followed with the addition of wood chip mulch can dramatically affect new tree growth.

Mulch

The use of wood chip mulch around the tree is a simple treatment, which can yield dramatic results. Most trees originated in forests with rich surface layers consisting of decomposed leaves and other organic matter. The use of wood chip mulch helps mimic this forest condition. Mulch increases organic matter over time, improves soil aeration and structure, and provides a nutrient source while keeping the soil moist to promote enhanced rooting.

When using mulch, it is preferable to avoid fresh mulch; mulch that has been composted for 4 - 7 months is best. If only fresh mulch is available, the addition of ammonium nitrate is recommended.

The use of rock around trees should be avoided. While rock has some limited applications as a ground cover, most rock creates an alkaline environment and most trees prefer an acidic soil. Volcanic rock is particularly detrimental to trees; not only is it alkaline, but it’s darker color causes it to hold excessive heat.

When placing mulch around trees, use moderation. As the use of mulch has gained in popularity, many people have gone overboard by heaping mulch "volcanoes" around trees. Instead of a "volcano", make a "pancake". Wood chip mulch should be 3 - 4 inches deep and care should be taken so that the mulch does not come in contact with the trunk. A rim of mulch can be formed around the outside edge of the mulched area, which will help water to slowly infiltrate into the soil.

Fertilization

Fertilization should be avoided at planting time. A soil test can reveal if fertilizer is necessary. If fertilizer is to be used, wait a year after planting and then use a nitrogen fertilizer. Some experts believe if mulch is used, one may forgo the addition of fertilizer.