Lawn Care with Minimum Chemical Use

Sound lawn care practices could prevent weed invasions such as this.

Lawns requiring frequent pesticide use, in particular herbicides, may have an underlying problem that is causing the repeated invasions of pests such as weeds. Correcting the problem leads to a healthier lawn that can resist weed invasions. This fact sheet summarizes key areas of lawn care; refer to various fact sheets in this series or other Cooperative Extension Service publications for additional details on each topic.

For example, good soil conditions are important for healthy lawns. Many lawns are growing on soils high in clay, compacted, and poorly drained. Aerating and topdressing with organic matter may improve these conditions. Another option is starting over and amending clay soils with organic matter. Thoroughly preparing soils before seeding or sodding is critical.

Make sure the proper grass species is used on the site. Full sun and sun/shade environments call for different grasses. In addition, consider the standard of quality desired and intended use of the site. Each has a role in what grass to select. Kentucky bluegrass is the primary species for northern Illinois lawns in full sun; in some cases mixed with perennial ryegrass and/or fine fescues. For shade areas, shade-tolerant Kentucky bluegrass cultivars are commonly mixed with fine fescues.

Cultural practices also play a big role in the health of the lawn and need for pesticides. Proper watering includes irrigating as lawns need it and getting moisture down into the root zone. Proper fertilizing includes supplying adequate nutrients and proper soil pH. In particular, avoid excess or lack of nitrogen, fertilize during cooler weather (especially early and late fall) and use controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers. Don't apply high rates of nitrogen in spring. Proper mowing has a major impact on lawn health. Many lawns are mowed too short, allowing weeds to invade and other problems to appear. Mow between 2 and 3 inches and mow often enough so no more than one-third of the leaf blade is removed in any one cutting.

Manage lawn stress factors such as thatch, shade, and soil compaction. Core aerating on a regular basis is an excellent practice to consider, in particular for sodded lawns over clay soils. Spring and fall are good times to aerate.

Occasionally, problems will still come up that require special management. Start by identifying the problem, then look at control options; both cultural and chemical. When using pesticides read, understand, and follow all label directions.